789p1art
3 posts
Oct 24, 2025
4:06 AM
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"Trong the gioi so hoa ngay nay, viec bao ve du lieu va he thong khoi cac moi de doa an ninh mang khong con la mot lua chon ma da tro thanh yeu cau bat buoc. Moi doanh nghiep, tu startup nho den tap doan lon, deu dang phai doi mat voi vo van nguy co tu ma doc, tan cong lua dao (phishing) cho den xam nhap trai phep. Nhung lam the nao de xay dung mot la chan vung chac, mot he thong bao mat gan nhu tuyet doi? Cau tra loi co the nam o viec ap dung nhung nguyen tac cot loi va giai phap toan dien, va hom nay, chung ta se cung kham pha ""789p"" – mot mo hinh tu duy chien luoc giup ban dat duoc muc tieu do.
1. Prevention (Phong Ngua): Xay Dung Tuyen Phong Thu Dau Tien
Yeu to quan trong nhat trong bao mat la chu dong phong ngua thay vi bi dong ung pho. Phong ngua bao gom viec thiet lap cac rao can vung chac ngay tu dau. Dieu nay khong chi dung lai o viec cai dat tuong lua (firewall) hay phan mem diet virus. No la mot triet ly hoat dong.
Dau tien, hay tap trung vao viec cap nhat va va loi thuong xuyen. Cac lo hong bao mat (vulnerabilities) thuong bi khai thac thong qua nhung ban va bi bo sot. Thiet lap quy trinh tu dong kiem tra va ap dung cac ban va cho moi phan mem, he dieu hanh, va ung dung ngay khi chung duoc phat hanh. Thu hai, ma hoa du lieu (Encryption) moi luc, moi noi – khi luu tru (at rest) va khi truyen tai (in transit). Du lieu bi ma hoa du bi danh cap cung tro nen vo dung doi voi ke xau.
2. Policy (Chinh Sach): Chuan Hoa Hanh Vi Nguoi Dung
Cong cu bao mat manh den dau cung tro nen vo nghia neu nguoi dung noi bo lo la. Chinh sach ro rang va nghiem ngat la xuong song cua bao mat to chuc.
Xay dung cac Chinh sach Mat khau Manh (Strong Password Policy) la buoc co ban nhat. Yeu cau mat khau phuc tap, thay doi dinh ky, va quan trong hon la Xac thuc Da Yeu To (MFA) phai duoc ap dung bat buoc cho moi tai khoan truy cap he thong quan trong. Ngoai ra, can co chinh sach Quyen truy cap toi thieu (Least Privilege): moi nguoi dung chi duoc cap quyen truy cap vao nhung tai nguyen ho thuc su can de hoan thanh cong viec, khong hon. Dieu nay giup gioi han thiet hai neu mot tai khoan bi xam pham.
3. Provisioning (Cung Cap Tai Nguyen An Toan): Kiem Soat Diem Truy Cap
Moi thiet bi, moi ung dung ket noi vao mang luoi deu la mot ""canh cua"" tiem nang. Qua trinh cung cap tai nguyen phai duoc giam sat chat che.
Truoc khi bat ky thiet bi nao (may tinh xach tay, dien thoai di dong, thiet bi IoT) duoc phep ket noi vao mang cong ty, chung phai trai qua quy trinh Kiem tra Tuan thu An ninh (Compliance Check). Thiet bi do co cai dat phan mem bao mat khong? Cau hinh he thong co dung chuan khong? Doi voi cac ung dung moi, can co quy trinh Danh gia Rui ro Ung dung (Application Risk Assessment) truoc khi trien khai vao moi truong san xuat.
4. Protection (Bao Ve Chuyen Sau): Cac Lop Phong Thu Da Tang
Bao mat tuyet doi doi hoi khong chi mot ma la nhieu lop phong thu song song. Day la luc chung ta trien khai cac cong nghe tien tien.
Ap dung kien truc Zero Trust (Khong Tin Cay): khong tin tuong bat ky ai hay thiet bi nao, du ben trong hay ben ngoai tuong lua, ma luon yeu cau xac minh moi yeu cau truy cap. Tang cuong Bao ve Diem cuoi (Endpoint Protection) bang cac giai phap EDR (Endpoint Detection and Response) co kha nang phat hien hanh vi bat thuong thay vi chi dua vao chu ky virus. Su dung cac giai phap Ngan chan Ro ri Du lieu (DLP) de giam sat va kiem soat viec truyen tai thong tin nhay cam ra ngoai.
5. Plan (Lap Ke Hoach Phan Ung): San Sang Cho Tham Hoa
Ngay ca he thong tot nhat cung co the bi vi pham. Dieu khac biet giua mot su co nho va mot tham hoa la cach ban phan ung.
Lap Ke hoach Ung pho Su co (Incident Response Plan) chi tiet. Ke hoach nay phai bao gom cac buoc ro rang: phat hien, ngan chan, dieu tra, khac phuc va hoc hoi. Dac biet, Sao luu Du lieu Quan trong (Backup) phai duoc thuc hien theo nguyen tac 3-2-1 (3 ban sao, tren 2 loai phuong tien khac nhau, 1 ban sao luu tru ngoai tuyen/ngoai co so). Viec nay dam bao kha nang phuc hoi nhanh chong sau cac cuoc tan cong ransomware.
6. Performance Monitoring (Giam Sat Lien Tuc): Mat Than 24/7
Bao mat la mot qua trinh, khong phai la mot trang thai tinh. Ban phai lien tuc theo doi de phat hien cac dau hieu bat thuong truoc khi chung leo thang.
Trien khai he thong Quan ly Thong tin va Su kien Bao mat (SIEM) de thu thap va phan tich nhat ky tu moi thiet bi. He thong nay giup nhan dien cac mo hinh tan cong tinh vi ma cac cong cu rieng le co the bo sot. Giam sat luu luong mang, cac lan dang nhap that bai bat thuong, va hoat dong tai khoan dac quyen la nhung yeu to khong the thieu trong qua trinh giam sat hieu suat bao mat.
7. People Training (Dao Tao Con Nguoi): Yeu To Con Nguoi La Quan Trong Nhat
Trong so cac nguyen tac tren, yeu to con nguoi thuong la mat xich yeu nhat. Dau tu vao con nguoi chinh la dau tu vao bao mat dai han.
To chuc cac buoi Dao tao Nhan thuc An ninh mang (Security Awareness Training) dinh ky, khong chi mot lan duy nhat. Cac buoi dao tao nay nen bao gom cac bai kiem tra thuc te, vi du nhu cac chien dich Phishing Mo phong de xem nhan vien phan ung the nao voi cac email lua dao. Khi nhan vien hieu ro rui ro va tam quan trong cua viec bao mat, ho se tu tro thanh lop bao ve chu dong cho he thong.
Ap dung mo hinh 789p nay – bao gom Phong ngua, Chinh sach, Cung cap Tai nguyen An toan, Bao ve Chuyen sau, Ke hoach Phan ung, Giam sat Lien tuc va Dao tao Con nguoi – ban se thiet lap duoc mot khung bao mat da lop, linh hoat va cuc ky manh me. Day khong chi la viec tuan thu cac quy tac, ma la viec xay dung mot van hoa an toan, tien gan hon toi muc tieu bao mat he thong tuyet doi ma moi to chuc deu khao khat."
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